NB: This is a reference bibliography being used within the framework of the project.

Youth in Europe. Characterising the Millennials

• UN World Report on Youth Civic Engagement (2016) http://www.unworldyouthreport.org/images/docs/un_world_youth_report_youth_civic_engagement.pdf
• European Commission, 2014. Political Participation and EU Citizenship?: Perceptions and Behaviours of Young People. Eacea, pp.1–22. Available at: http://www.ies.be/files/EACEA Report – Political Participation and EU Citizenship. Perceptions and Behaviours of Young People.pdf
• Lenhart, A. (2015). Teens, Social Media & Technology Overview 2015. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved April 10, 2015 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/
• Smith, A. (2016). Shared, Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy. Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved May 21, 2016 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/05/19/the-new-digital-economy/
• Weinstein, E.C., 2014. The personal is political on social media: Online civic expression patterns and pathways among civically engaged youth. International Journal of Communication, 8(1), pp.210–233. Available at http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2381/1066
• Xenos, M., Vromen, A. & Loader, B.D., 2014. The great equalizer? Patterns of social media use and youth political engagement in three advanced democracies. Information, Communication & Society, 17(2), pp.151–167. Available here

New online political participation spaces and practices

• Kurban, C., Peña-López, I. & Haberer, M. (2017). “What is technopolitics? A conceptual scheme for understanding politics in the digital age”. In IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Ciencia Política, 24. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Retrieved May 21, 2017 from http://idp.uoc.edu/articles/3061/galley/3221/download/
• Peña-López, I., Congosto, M. & Aragón, P. (2014). “Spanish Indignados and the evolution of the 15M movement on Twitter: towards networked para-institutions”. In Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, 15 (1-2), 189-216. New York: Routledge. Retrieved August 24, 2014 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636204.2014.931678
• Vromen, A., Xenos, M. a. & Loader, B., 2014. Young people, social media and connective action: from organisational maintenance to everyday political talk. Journal of Youth Studies, 6261(July 2014), pp.1–21. Available here
• Peña-López, I. (2017). Citizen participation and the rise of the open source city in Spain. Bengaluru: IT for Change. Retrieved May 20, 2017 from http://itforchange.net/mavc/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Research-Brief-Spain.pdf
• Sánchez-Navarro, J. & Aranda, D., 2012. Messenger and social network sites as tools for sociability, leisure and informal learning for Spanish young people. European Journal of Communication, 28(1), pp.67–75. Available at: http://ejc.sagepub.com/content/28/1/67.full.pdf.

Main barriers and inequalities of online political participation

• Armingeon, K. & Schädel, L. (2015) Social Inequality in Political Participation: The Dark Sides of Individualisation. West European Politics, 38(1), pp. 1-27. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402382.2014.929341?needAccess=true
• Anduiza, E., Gallego, A. & Jorba, L. (2012). Internet use and the Political Knowledge Gap in Spain. In Revista Internacional de Sociología, 70 (1), 129-151. Madrid: CSIC. Available at: http://revintsociologia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revintsociologia/article/download/431/454
• Hargittai, E. & Hinnant, A (2008). Digital Inequality Differences in Young Adults’ Use of the Internet. Communication Research, 35(5), pp. 602-621. Available at: http://www.eszter.com/research/pubs/A25.Hargittai.Hinnant-DigitalInequality.pdf
• Hargittai, E. & Walejko, G (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 11(August 2012), pp.239–256. Available at: https://soc334technologyandsociety.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/hargittaiwalejko2008.pdf
• Andersson, E. (2015). Situational political socialization: a normative approach to young people’s adoption and acquisition of political preferences and skills. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(8), pp. 967–983. Available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13676261.2015.1020926
• Kim, S. (2008). “Testing the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis in South Korea: Traditional News Media, the Internet, and Political Learning”. In International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20 (2), 193-210. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/2/193.full
• Klandermans, B. & Oegema, D (1987). Potentials, Networks, Motivations and Barriers: Steps Towards Participation in Social Movements. American Sociological Review, 52(4), pp. 519-531. Available at: https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~oliver/SOC924/Articles/KlandermansOegema1987.pdf
• Marien, S. et al. (2010). Inequalities in Non-Institutionalized Forms of Political Participation. A Multilevel Analysis for 25 countries. Political Studies, 58(1), pp. 187-213. Available at: https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/206523/2/24420-
• Van Deursen, A. & van Dijk, J. (2013). “The digital divide shifts to differences in usage”. In New Media & Society, 16 (3), 507-526. London: SAGE Publications. Available here
• Yang, L. & Zhiyong Lan, G. (2010). “Internet’s impact on expert–citizen interactions in public policymaking—A meta analysis”. In Government Information Quarterly, 27 (4), 431-441. London: Elsevier. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f1dd/0872399b4a6cb23970fdfcec74c298b47292.pdf

Public policy proposals on youth and online political participation

• Canals, R. (2017). Do we all mean the same when we talk about Participation? Perspectives of local officials, politicians and social activists, Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas. 158. p. 23-40
• Deliverable WP1 Euryka “Integrated Report on Policy Analysis”
• Interview with Jordi Graells “The Administration must approach young people humbly, without a position of superiority”
• Lupiáñez, F., Theben, A., Porcu, F. & Peña-López, I. (2018). Study on the Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Youth Participation and Youth work. Brussels: European Commission [Executive Summary]
• Thijssen, Peter & Van Dooren, Wouter. (2016). Going online. Does ICT enabled-participation engage the young in local governance?. Local Government Studies. 1-21.
• Brandtzaeg, P.B. et al., 2015. How should organizations adapt to youth civic engagement in social media? A lead user approach. Interacting with Computers. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288056694_How_Should_Organizations_Adapt_to_Youth_Civic_Engagement_in_Social_Media_A_Lead_User_Approach.
• Caliendo, S.M., Chod, S. & Muck, W., 2016. Using Twitter to Increase Political Interest in Undergraduate Students. Journal of Political Science Education, pp.1–19. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15512169.2015.1082476.
• Cohen, C.J. et al., 2016. New media and youth political action. Available at http://ypp.dmlcentral.net/sites/default/files/publications/Participatory_Politics_Report.pdf
• Dumitrica, D., 2016. Imagining engagement: Youth, social media, and electoral processes. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 22(1). Available at: http://con.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/10/24/1354856514553899?papetoc.
• European Commission, 2012. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for disadvantaged youth: Opportunities and Challenges. Evidence from literature and practice Policy Report. , pp.1–53. Available at http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/EAP/eInclusion/documents/ICTs_for_disadvantaged_youth_PolicyBrief_Finalforweb_NR.pdf
• European Commission, 2016. Mapping of media literacy practices and actions in EU-28, Available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/reporting-media-literacy-europe
• European Commission, 2014. Political Participation and EU Citizenship?: Perceptions and Behaviours of Young People. Eacea, pp.1–22. Available at http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/youth/tools/documents/perception-behaviours.pdf
• Garcia-Ruiz, R., Ramirez-Garcia, A. & Rodriguez-Rosell, M.M., (2014(. Media literacy education for a new prosumer citizenship. Media Education Research Journal, 22(43), pp.15–23. Available at https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4738032/2.pdf
• Hargittai, E. & Shaw, A., (2013). Digitally Savvy Citizenship: The Role of Internet Skills and Engagement in Young Adults’ Political Participation around the 2008 Presidential Election. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(2), pp.115–134. Available at http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=3aa4c5c9-9963-45ca-962a-e1f55b188e9a%40sessionmgr4008.
• Loader, B.D., Vromen, A. & Xenos, M.A., 2016. Performing for the young networked citizen? Celebrity politics, social networking and the political engagement of young people. Culture & Society, 38(3), pp.400–419. Available at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163443715608261
• Osimo, D. & Codagnone, C. (2010). e‐Inclusion initiatives from private and non‐profit European entities. Available at http://www.tech4i2.com/file/projects/37/37%20EC%20eInclusion%20initiatives%20from%20private%20and%20non-profit.pdf